Two of them (the Valedictors and the Rainbow Warriors) would eventually be changed to later foundings. All twenty Space Marine legions were originally known.Early editions featured a number of Chaos God beyond the four Great Power, including Malal who was eventually dropped from all the Games Workshops setting due to legal troubles.The Arbites were described as sword-carrying men who went barechested and wore a mask and a cloak with a colour darker than black. Instead they were a shoutout to a different sci-fi franchise. Back in the Rogue Trader days, the Adeptus Arbites weren't expies of Judge Dredd.The armor was different (fairly birdlike, which still exists in canon as Mark 6 "Corvus" armor), the bolters had the magazine right behind the barrel, and Marines also had more Starship Troopers influences along the Space Knights theme - there were even some Space Marines who were brainwashed criminals. Their armour was covered in crude slogans and they were sometimes given names that alluded to pop culture of the day. Space Marines were originally something akin to a galactic police force.There were also Space Slann, and Space Skaven were rumoured for a time, though never implemented. Keeping with the Warhammer In Space theme, Aeldari were originally called "Space Elves", while the now-background and Gaiden Game only Squats were known as "Space Dwarves" and Orks were more commonly referred to as "Space Orcs".Second Edition moved the game closer to its current state mechanically, and somewhat in terms of background (many fundamental aspects of the current lore and factions were established either in those days, or in very late First Edition), although it was still significantly more lighthearted than the eventual tone the game would take, and it was famed for having Loads and Loads of Rules (fires were persistent and you had to check what happened to them each turn, vehicle crew could be affected by shooting and could act to replace injured crew members or try and repair an out-of-control vehicle, so on and so forth).
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The game didn't take itself particularly seriously (it was Warhammer In Space and the developers happily embraced that idea) and had loads of tongue-in-cheek references. The game began as something much closer to an RPG (as opposed to its current status as a miniatures strategy game) and included a Gamemaster. While the game has remained fairly consistent in theme and tone from 3rd Edition onwards, First Edition (also known as Rogue Trader) and Second Edition were very, very different from the modern game.The original range (conceptualised by Gary Morley) was much closer in appearance to the look of Hellraiser's Cenobites, while the current model line (conceptualised by Jes Goodwin) moved them closer to the sleek look of their Craftworld Eldar/Aeldari kin, with a more streamlined (yet still suitably spiky and BDSM-inspired) appearance and cleaner model designs. The aesthetic of the Dark Eldar (now Drukhari) shifted significantly between the release of their original model line in 1998-9, and the current range that has been continuously added to since 2012.
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They made their first apperance in a piece of artwork from the core rulebook where the Kroot warrior lacks a beak, has a more human body layout and an almost fungal head. The Kroot change quite substantially within the timeframe of 3rd Edition.In addition, they were much more stick-like - though they still have obvious Xenomorph influences, they weren't as pronounced as post-Starcraft Tyranids. The models for the Tyranids originally carried separate weaponry, instead of having it as part of their bodies.By the time Games Workshop launched The Lord of the Rings Strategy Battle Game in 2001, Warhammer 40,000 and Warhammer Fantasy had both moved towards a more realistic sculpting style.
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This sculpting style of persisted into 3rd Edition's first couple of years (perhaps most notoriously in the original Drukhari note then known as Dark Eldar model range from 1998-9, which many claim aged very poorly, very fast).